Peran Komunikasi Interkultural dalam Penguatan Moderasi Beragama Pada Masyarakat Kota Medan (Analisis FKUB di Medan)
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May 20, 2024
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Intercultural Communication, Religious Moderation, FKUB
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This article focuses on the analysis of strengthening religious moderation in the people of Medan City which is promoted by the Medan City FKUB using an intercultural communication perspective. This is because the problem of intolerance is the root of social problems that can divide society, especially in Medan, which is a multicultural city. The urgency of this study rests on how intercultural communication is able to initiate attitudes of tasamuh and unity regarding differences through the support of contact communication between groups. Religious harmony forums have a role in creating a forum for culturally and religiously heterogeneous communities. This study adopts a qualitative method with a phenomenological approach. The data collection techniques used in this article are interviews, observation and documentation supported by primary and secondary data. This article uses thematic analysis techniques to better understand the observed phenomenon. The results of this study emphasize the importance of intercultural communication and intergroup contact in supporting religious moderation, which is the key to creating a tolerant, just and balanced society. Intercultural communication is effective in promoting inter-religious dialogue, religious discourse, and religious seminars. In order to overcome bad prejudice and strengthen tolerance. This approach is also vital in conveying information and the concept of religious moderation. Despite technical and semantic challenges, the implementation of intercultural communication can make a significant contribution to religious discussions and unity. FKUB in Medan City has demonstrated success in implementing this approach, creating a harmonious social space and respecting differences as gifts, by promoting collective support for humanitarian principles.
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Pratama, T. A., & Harahap, N. (2024). Peran Komunikasi Interkultural dalam Penguatan Moderasi Beragama Pada Masyarakat Kota Medan (Analisis FKUB di Medan). Jurnal Indonesia : Manajemen Informatika Dan Komunikasi, 5(2), 2081-2095. https://doi.org/10.35870/jimik.v5i2.819
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References
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Alvian, R. A., & Ardhani, I. (2023). The Politics of Moderate Islam in Indonesia: Between International Pressure and Domestic Contestations. Al-Jami'ah: Journal of Islamic Studies, 61(1), 19-57. DOI: https://doi.org/10.14421/ajis.2023.611.19-57.
Amirudin, A., Karochman, M. A., & Supriyatin, S. (2021). Moderasi Beragama dalam Perspektif Heterogenitas di Desa Jungjang Kecamatan Arjawinangun. Etos: Jurnal Pengabdian Masyarakat, 3(1), 37-46. DOI: https://doi.org/10.47453/etos.v3i1.347.
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Ashoumi, H., Husna, I. A., & Sa’diyah, C. (2023). Internalisasi Nilai Moderasi Beragama dan Implikasinya terhadap Sikap Toleransi Mahasiswa. SAP (Susunan Artikel Pendidikan), 7(3), 461-469. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.30998/sap.v7i3.15101.
Asrawijaya, E. (2022). Harmonization between customs and Islam in the Jalawastu Community. Journal of Indonesian Islam, 16(2), 378-398. DOI: 10.15642/JIIS.2022.16.2.378-398.
Aulia, F. A., & Arifin, F. (2023). Moderasi Beragama Dalam Ruang Digital: Studi Harmonisasi Moderasi Beragama Di Perguruan Tinggi Keagamaan Islam Negeri. MODERATIO: Jurnal Moderasi Beragama, 3(2), 205-217. DOI: https://doi.org/10.32332/moderatio.v3i2.8105.
Ayuni, P., Hasibua, A. Z. S., & Suhairi, S. (2022). Komunikasi Antar Budaya Dalam Perspektif Antropologi Islam. Dakwatussifa: Journal of Da'wah and Communication, 1(1), 1-14. DOI: https://doi.org/10.56146/dakwatussifa.v1i1.16.
Badrun, B., Sujadi, S., Warsah, I., Muttaqin, I., & Morganna, R. (2023). Pancasila, Islam, and Harmonising Socio-Cultural Conflict in Indonesia. Al-Jami'ah: Journal of Islamic Studies, 61(1), 137-156. DOI: https://doi.org/10.14421/ajis.2023.611.137-156.
Becker, E., Rinado, R., & Guhin, J. (2023). Classifying Muslims: Contextualizing Religion and Race in the United Kingdom and Germany. Journal for the Scientific Study of Religion, 62(4), 749-769.
Bukhari, M. Analysis of the Concept of Religious Moderation According to the Interfaith Council's Leader.
Creswell, J. W., & Poth, C. N. (2016). Qualitative inquiry and research design: Choosing among five approaches. Sage publications.
Djunatan, S. (2023). Menghadapi Keragaman di Indonesia Melalui Konsep Masyarakat Interkultural. Focus, 4(1), 71-80. DOI: https://doi.org/10.26593/focus.v4i1.6700.
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fadhilah Utami, L. A., Sulistiorini, T., & Lestari, I. (2023). Analisis Pentingnya Peran Moderasi Beragama di Era Digital. MODERATIO: Jurnal Moderasi Beragama, 3(2), 194-204. DOI: https://doi.org/10.32332/moderatio.v3i2.8021.
Fahri, M., & Zainuri, A. (2019). Moderasi beragama di Indonesia. Intizar, 25(2), 95-100. DOI: https://doi.org/10.19109/intizar.v25i2.5640.
Farkhani, F., Elviandri, E., Dimyati, K., Absori, A., & Zuhri, M. (2022). Converging Islamic and religious norms in Indonesia’s state life plurality. Indonesian Journal of Islam and Muslim Societies, 12(2), 421-446. DOI: https://doi.org/10.18326/ijims.v12i2.421-446.
Fitriani, N. E. (2023). KOMUNIKASI INTERPERSONAL FKUB TRENGGALEK DALAM MEMBANGUN SEMANGAT TOLERANSI BERAGAMA. El-Wasathiya: Jurnal Studi Agama, 11(1), 1-13. DOI: https://doi.org/10.35888/el-wasathiya.v11i1.5217.
Hanani, S., & Nelmaya, N. (2020). Penguatan Moderasi Beragama untuk Mengatasi Intolerasi di Kalangan Intelektual Kampus. Kontekstualita, 35(02), 91-102. DOI: https://doi.org/10.30631/35.02.91-102.
Harahap, D. A., Siregar, F. S., Ananta, R., Dalimunthe, M. A., & Sazali, H. (2022). Analysis of Intercultural Communication Models Among UINSU FIS Students. Jurnal ISO: Jurnal Ilmu Sosial, Politik dan Humaniora, 2(2), 145-148.
Harahap, N. (2020). Penelitian kualitatif.
Harahap, N. (2020). Strategy For Chinese Ethnic Minority (Social, Economic And Political) In Medan City. International Journal Of Innovative Research And Advances Studies (IJIRAS), 7(3).
Hati, L. P., al-Mujtahid, N. M., Kholil, S., Sahfutra, S. A., Ginting, L. D. C. U., & Fahreza, I. (2023). Religious Harmony Forum: Ideal Religious Moderation in the Frame of Building Tolerance in Medan City, Indonesia. Pharos Journal of Theology, 104(3).
Hazani, D. C. (2023). Urgensitas Komunikasi Antarbudaya dalam Menjalin Hubungan Inklusif Masyarakat di Kota Mataram. YASIN, 3(2), 342-358. DOI: https://doi.org/10.58578/yasin.v3i2.1525.
Hilal, F. F. (2023). Transformasi Gerakan Radikalisme Menuju Moderasi Beragama. KURIOSITAS: Media Komunikasi Sosial Dan Keagamaan, 16(1), 77-90.
Jati, W. R. (2022). MODERASI BERAGAMA DALAM ISLAM NUSANTARA: MENIMBA DARI WALI SONGO: LESSON LEARNT FROM NINE ISLAMIC SAINTS. Jurnal Masyarakat dan Budaya, 24(3).
Junaedi, E. (2022). Moderasi Beragama Dalam Tinjauan Kritis Kebebasan Beragama. Harmoni, 21(2), 330-339. DOI: https://doi.org/10.32488/harmoni.v21i2.641.
Khairiza, D., & Ritonga, M. H. (2023). Pola Komunikasi Forum Kerukunan Antarumat Beragama (FKUB) Dalam Menciptakan Kerukunan Antarumat Beragama di Kota Medan. Reslaj: Religion Education Social Laa Roiba Journal, 5(6), 3283-3295. DOI https://doi.org/10.47467/reslaj.v5i6.1047.
Kurniawati, W., & Mujahid, K. (2024). Moderasi Beragama dalam Bingkai antar Umat Beragama. ANWARUL, 4(1), 367-382.
Kustiani, S., Syukur, A., & Nasution, S. I. (2023). Religious Harmony Forum (FKUB): Developing religious harmony awareness village in Pesawaran District. Community Empowerment, 8(7), 1104-1113. DOI: https://doi.org/10.31603/ce.9593.
Kustiawan, W., Amalia, R., Fadhillah, L. F., Cahyanti, F., Yanti, D., & Daulay, I. A. (2022). Dasar-Dasar Komunikasi Antar Budaya. Jurnal Studi Sosial dan Agama (JSSA), 2(1), 88-100.
Lestari, A., Fitrisia, A., & Ofianto, O. (2022). Metodologi ilmu pengetahuan: kuantitatif dan kualitatif dalam bentuk implementasi. Jurnal Pendidikan Dan Konseling (JPDK), 4(6), 8558-8563. DOI: https://doi.org/10.31004/jpdk.v4i6.9710.
Mailin, M., Dalimunthe, M. A., & Zein, A. (2023). Exploring Intercultural Communication in Indonesia: Cultural Values, Challenges, and Strategies. Journal of Namibian Studies: History Politics Culture, 33, 2804-2816.
Malahati, F., Jannati, P., Qathrunnada, Q., & Shaleh, S. (2023). KUALITATIF: MEMAHAMI KARAKTERISTIK PENELITIAN SEBAGAI METODOLOGI. JURNAL PENDIDIKAN DASAR, 11(2), 341-348. DOI: https://doi.org/10.46368/jpd.v11i2.902.
Munif, M., Qomar, M., & AZIZ, A. (2023). Kebijakan Moderasi Beragama di Indonesia. Dirasah: Jurnal Studi Ilmu dan Manajemen Pendidikan Islam, 6(2), 417-430. DOI: https://doi.org/10.58401/dirasah.v6i2.935.
Nizar, Y. A., & Rofiqoh, Y. I. A. (2021). Komunikasi interkultural dan pluralitas toleransi antar umat beragama. AL MUNIR: Jurnal Komunikasi dan Penyiaran Islam, 12(01), 1-14. DOI: https://doi.org/10.15548/amj-kpi.v12i01.2155.
Nuriah, R., & Prihatini, R. L. (2022). Strategi Komunikasi Penyuluh Agama Swadaya Dalam Menanamkan Nilai Toleransi Antar Umat Beragama di Forum Kerukunan Umat Beragama (FKUB) DKI Jakarta.
Pikahulan, M. S. (2023). Peran Forum Kerukunan Umat Beragama (FKUB) dalam Merawat Toleransi dan Moderasi Beragama di Kota Ambon. KENOSIS: Jurnal Kajian Teologi, 9(1), 74-87. DOI: https://doi.org/10.37196/kenosis.v9i1.655
Saumantri, T. (2023). Aktualisasi Moderasi Beragama Dalam Media Sosial. MODERATIO: Jurnal Moderasi Beragama, 3(1), 64-75. DOI: https://doi.org/10.32332/moderatio.v3i1.6534.
Sazali, H., & Mustafa, A. (2023). New Media dan Penguatan Moderasi Beragama di Indonesia. Jurnal Komunikasi, 17(2), 167-184. DOI: https://doi.org/10.20885/komunikasi.vol17.iss2.art3.
Suryadi, R. A. (2022). Implementasi moderasi beragama dalam pendidikan agama islam. Paper Knowledge. Toward a Media History of Documents, 20(11), 12-26.
Sutrisno, E. (2019). Aktualisasi moderasi beragama di lembaga pendidikan. Jurnal Bimas Islam, 12(2), 323-348. DOI: https://doi.org/10.37302/jbi.v12i2.113.
Thahir, M. (2023). RELIGIOUS PLURALITY AND THE URGENCY OF INTERCULTURAL COMMUNICATION IN INDONESIA. Rausyan Fikr J. Ilmu Stud. Ushuluddin dan Filsafat, 19(1), 37-50.
Winata, M. D., Wahyuni, J., Setiadi, T., Aji, G. G., & Akhisar, I. (2023). Interpretting Intercultural Communication Approach of Indonesian Diaspora in Turkiye. Profetik: Jurnal Komunikasi, 16(1), 5-21. DOI: https://doi.org/10.14421/pjk.v16i1.2721.
Zhou, Y., & Burhanudeen, H. (2023). Sustaining Intercultural Contact: Developing the Intercultural Communicative Competence of EFL Undergraduates in China. Journal of Intercultural Communication, 23(4), 13-26.
Afandi, I. N., Faturochman, F., & Hidayat, R. (2021). Teori kontak: Konsep dan perkembangannya. Buletin Psikologi, 29(2), 178-186. DOI: 10.22146/buletinpsikologi.46193.
Aini, H., & Munir, M. (2023). Peran Kampus sebagai Wadah Pencetak Generasi Moderasi Beragama. Wahana Karya Ilmiah Pendidikan, 7(02), 95-103. DOI: https://doi.org/10.35706/wkip.v7i02.10056.
Ali, N. (2020). Measuring religious moderation among Muslim students at public colleges in Kalimantan facing disruption era. INFERENSI: Jurnal Penelitian Sosial Keagamaan, 14(1), 1-24.
Alvian, R. A., & Ardhani, I. (2023). The Politics of Moderate Islam in Indonesia: Between International Pressure and Domestic Contestations. Al-Jami'ah: Journal of Islamic Studies, 61(1), 19-57. DOI: https://doi.org/10.14421/ajis.2023.611.19-57.
Amirudin, A., Karochman, M. A., & Supriyatin, S. (2021). Moderasi Beragama dalam Perspektif Heterogenitas di Desa Jungjang Kecamatan Arjawinangun. Etos: Jurnal Pengabdian Masyarakat, 3(1), 37-46. DOI: https://doi.org/10.47453/etos.v3i1.347.
Anwar, E. C. (2021). Studi Kritis Pendidikan Toleransi Di Indonesia. Ta'allum: Jurnal Pendidikan Islam, 9(1), 30-52. DOI: https://doi.org/10.21274/taalum.2021.9.1.30-52.
Ashoumi, H., Husna, I. A., & Sa’diyah, C. (2023). Internalisasi Nilai Moderasi Beragama dan Implikasinya terhadap Sikap Toleransi Mahasiswa. SAP (Susunan Artikel Pendidikan), 7(3), 461-469. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.30998/sap.v7i3.15101.
Asrawijaya, E. (2022). Harmonization between customs and Islam in the Jalawastu Community. Journal of Indonesian Islam, 16(2), 378-398. DOI: 10.15642/JIIS.2022.16.2.378-398.
Aulia, F. A., & Arifin, F. (2023). Moderasi Beragama Dalam Ruang Digital: Studi Harmonisasi Moderasi Beragama Di Perguruan Tinggi Keagamaan Islam Negeri. MODERATIO: Jurnal Moderasi Beragama, 3(2), 205-217. DOI: https://doi.org/10.32332/moderatio.v3i2.8105.
Ayuni, P., Hasibua, A. Z. S., & Suhairi, S. (2022). Komunikasi Antar Budaya Dalam Perspektif Antropologi Islam. Dakwatussifa: Journal of Da'wah and Communication, 1(1), 1-14. DOI: https://doi.org/10.56146/dakwatussifa.v1i1.16.
Badrun, B., Sujadi, S., Warsah, I., Muttaqin, I., & Morganna, R. (2023). Pancasila, Islam, and Harmonising Socio-Cultural Conflict in Indonesia. Al-Jami'ah: Journal of Islamic Studies, 61(1), 137-156. DOI: https://doi.org/10.14421/ajis.2023.611.137-156.
Becker, E., Rinado, R., & Guhin, J. (2023). Classifying Muslims: Contextualizing Religion and Race in the United Kingdom and Germany. Journal for the Scientific Study of Religion, 62(4), 749-769.
Bukhari, M. Analysis of the Concept of Religious Moderation According to the Interfaith Council's Leader.
Creswell, J. W., & Poth, C. N. (2016). Qualitative inquiry and research design: Choosing among five approaches. Sage publications.
Djunatan, S. (2023). Menghadapi Keragaman di Indonesia Melalui Konsep Masyarakat Interkultural. Focus, 4(1), 71-80. DOI: https://doi.org/10.26593/focus.v4i1.6700.
El-Yunusi, M. Y. M. (2022, April). Internalisasi nilai-nilai multikultural dalam mengembangkan sikap moderasi beragama (studi kasus di pmd. Gontor ponorogo). In Proceedings of Annual Conference for Muslim Scholars (Vol. 6, No. 1, pp. 1117-1126).
fadhilah Utami, L. A., Sulistiorini, T., & Lestari, I. (2023). Analisis Pentingnya Peran Moderasi Beragama di Era Digital. MODERATIO: Jurnal Moderasi Beragama, 3(2), 194-204. DOI: https://doi.org/10.32332/moderatio.v3i2.8021.
Fahri, M., & Zainuri, A. (2019). Moderasi beragama di Indonesia. Intizar, 25(2), 95-100. DOI: https://doi.org/10.19109/intizar.v25i2.5640.
Farkhani, F., Elviandri, E., Dimyati, K., Absori, A., & Zuhri, M. (2022). Converging Islamic and religious norms in Indonesia’s state life plurality. Indonesian Journal of Islam and Muslim Societies, 12(2), 421-446. DOI: https://doi.org/10.18326/ijims.v12i2.421-446.
Fitriani, N. E. (2023). KOMUNIKASI INTERPERSONAL FKUB TRENGGALEK DALAM MEMBANGUN SEMANGAT TOLERANSI BERAGAMA. El-Wasathiya: Jurnal Studi Agama, 11(1), 1-13. DOI: https://doi.org/10.35888/el-wasathiya.v11i1.5217.
Hanani, S., & Nelmaya, N. (2020). Penguatan Moderasi Beragama untuk Mengatasi Intolerasi di Kalangan Intelektual Kampus. Kontekstualita, 35(02), 91-102. DOI: https://doi.org/10.30631/35.02.91-102.
Harahap, D. A., Siregar, F. S., Ananta, R., Dalimunthe, M. A., & Sazali, H. (2022). Analysis of Intercultural Communication Models Among UINSU FIS Students. Jurnal ISO: Jurnal Ilmu Sosial, Politik dan Humaniora, 2(2), 145-148.
Harahap, N. (2020). Penelitian kualitatif.
Harahap, N. (2020). Strategy For Chinese Ethnic Minority (Social, Economic And Political) In Medan City. International Journal Of Innovative Research And Advances Studies (IJIRAS), 7(3).
Hati, L. P., al-Mujtahid, N. M., Kholil, S., Sahfutra, S. A., Ginting, L. D. C. U., & Fahreza, I. (2023). Religious Harmony Forum: Ideal Religious Moderation in the Frame of Building Tolerance in Medan City, Indonesia. Pharos Journal of Theology, 104(3).
Hazani, D. C. (2023). Urgensitas Komunikasi Antarbudaya dalam Menjalin Hubungan Inklusif Masyarakat di Kota Mataram. YASIN, 3(2), 342-358. DOI: https://doi.org/10.58578/yasin.v3i2.1525.
Hilal, F. F. (2023). Transformasi Gerakan Radikalisme Menuju Moderasi Beragama. KURIOSITAS: Media Komunikasi Sosial Dan Keagamaan, 16(1), 77-90.
Jati, W. R. (2022). MODERASI BERAGAMA DALAM ISLAM NUSANTARA: MENIMBA DARI WALI SONGO: LESSON LEARNT FROM NINE ISLAMIC SAINTS. Jurnal Masyarakat dan Budaya, 24(3).
Junaedi, E. (2022). Moderasi Beragama Dalam Tinjauan Kritis Kebebasan Beragama. Harmoni, 21(2), 330-339. DOI: https://doi.org/10.32488/harmoni.v21i2.641.
Khairiza, D., & Ritonga, M. H. (2023). Pola Komunikasi Forum Kerukunan Antarumat Beragama (FKUB) Dalam Menciptakan Kerukunan Antarumat Beragama di Kota Medan. Reslaj: Religion Education Social Laa Roiba Journal, 5(6), 3283-3295. DOI https://doi.org/10.47467/reslaj.v5i6.1047.
Kurniawati, W., & Mujahid, K. (2024). Moderasi Beragama dalam Bingkai antar Umat Beragama. ANWARUL, 4(1), 367-382.
Kustiani, S., Syukur, A., & Nasution, S. I. (2023). Religious Harmony Forum (FKUB): Developing religious harmony awareness village in Pesawaran District. Community Empowerment, 8(7), 1104-1113. DOI: https://doi.org/10.31603/ce.9593.
Kustiawan, W., Amalia, R., Fadhillah, L. F., Cahyanti, F., Yanti, D., & Daulay, I. A. (2022). Dasar-Dasar Komunikasi Antar Budaya. Jurnal Studi Sosial dan Agama (JSSA), 2(1), 88-100.
Lestari, A., Fitrisia, A., & Ofianto, O. (2022). Metodologi ilmu pengetahuan: kuantitatif dan kualitatif dalam bentuk implementasi. Jurnal Pendidikan Dan Konseling (JPDK), 4(6), 8558-8563. DOI: https://doi.org/10.31004/jpdk.v4i6.9710.
Mailin, M., Dalimunthe, M. A., & Zein, A. (2023). Exploring Intercultural Communication in Indonesia: Cultural Values, Challenges, and Strategies. Journal of Namibian Studies: History Politics Culture, 33, 2804-2816.
Malahati, F., Jannati, P., Qathrunnada, Q., & Shaleh, S. (2023). KUALITATIF: MEMAHAMI KARAKTERISTIK PENELITIAN SEBAGAI METODOLOGI. JURNAL PENDIDIKAN DASAR, 11(2), 341-348. DOI: https://doi.org/10.46368/jpd.v11i2.902.
Munif, M., Qomar, M., & AZIZ, A. (2023). Kebijakan Moderasi Beragama di Indonesia. Dirasah: Jurnal Studi Ilmu dan Manajemen Pendidikan Islam, 6(2), 417-430. DOI: https://doi.org/10.58401/dirasah.v6i2.935.
Nizar, Y. A., & Rofiqoh, Y. I. A. (2021). Komunikasi interkultural dan pluralitas toleransi antar umat beragama. AL MUNIR: Jurnal Komunikasi dan Penyiaran Islam, 12(01), 1-14. DOI: https://doi.org/10.15548/amj-kpi.v12i01.2155.
Nuriah, R., & Prihatini, R. L. (2022). Strategi Komunikasi Penyuluh Agama Swadaya Dalam Menanamkan Nilai Toleransi Antar Umat Beragama di Forum Kerukunan Umat Beragama (FKUB) DKI Jakarta.
Pikahulan, M. S. (2023). Peran Forum Kerukunan Umat Beragama (FKUB) dalam Merawat Toleransi dan Moderasi Beragama di Kota Ambon. KENOSIS: Jurnal Kajian Teologi, 9(1), 74-87. DOI: https://doi.org/10.37196/kenosis.v9i1.655
Saumantri, T. (2023). Aktualisasi Moderasi Beragama Dalam Media Sosial. MODERATIO: Jurnal Moderasi Beragama, 3(1), 64-75. DOI: https://doi.org/10.32332/moderatio.v3i1.6534.
Sazali, H., & Mustafa, A. (2023). New Media dan Penguatan Moderasi Beragama di Indonesia. Jurnal Komunikasi, 17(2), 167-184. DOI: https://doi.org/10.20885/komunikasi.vol17.iss2.art3.
Suryadi, R. A. (2022). Implementasi moderasi beragama dalam pendidikan agama islam. Paper Knowledge. Toward a Media History of Documents, 20(11), 12-26.
Sutrisno, E. (2019). Aktualisasi moderasi beragama di lembaga pendidikan. Jurnal Bimas Islam, 12(2), 323-348. DOI: https://doi.org/10.37302/jbi.v12i2.113.
Thahir, M. (2023). RELIGIOUS PLURALITY AND THE URGENCY OF INTERCULTURAL COMMUNICATION IN INDONESIA. Rausyan Fikr J. Ilmu Stud. Ushuluddin dan Filsafat, 19(1), 37-50.
Winata, M. D., Wahyuni, J., Setiadi, T., Aji, G. G., & Akhisar, I. (2023). Interpretting Intercultural Communication Approach of Indonesian Diaspora in Turkiye. Profetik: Jurnal Komunikasi, 16(1), 5-21. DOI: https://doi.org/10.14421/pjk.v16i1.2721.
Zhou, Y., & Burhanudeen, H. (2023). Sustaining Intercultural Contact: Developing the Intercultural Communicative Competence of EFL Undergraduates in China. Journal of Intercultural Communication, 23(4), 13-26.